Football "Sala"

History

•       Football Sala comes from Montevideo, Uruguay.

•       Juan Carlos Ceriani created the game in 1930

–      The same year Uruguay became world soccer champions.

Ceriani used rules from basketball and other sports to create this game.

•       Length (28m-40m)

•       Width (16m-20m)

The ball

•       Circumference of (61-63cm)

•       Weight (410-430gm.)

•       When dropping the ball from an altitude of 2m, the ball should bounce no less than 3 times no more than 4 times

The rules

•       The object of the game is to make the most goals during a match

•       The game lasts for 40min with a 10min break between each half.

•       Each team has 5 players with one serving as goalkeeper.

•       The maximum number of players in play is 12

Points of contact

•       Exterior-control, effective kicks, quick driving movements

•       Instep- violent kicks, scoring, long passes, air ball control

•       Interior- control, precise passes, slow movement

•       Toe-to punt for defense, to throw for offense

•       Ball- Precise control of the ball

•       Heel- a resource; not a frequently used

Handball

What is handball?

¨  A team sport played with 7 players on each team. The object of the game is to score a goal by passing the ball and throwing it into the opponents goal. The team with the most goals wins.

A little history

¨  Middle Ages?

¡  It is said that the game may have developed from similar games played in France and Greenland

¨  19^th Century

¡  In 1897 a Danish gym teacher, Rasmus Nicolai Ernst  made the rules

The rules

¨  Each player may only hold the ball for 3 seconds

¨  Each player may take only 3 steps in between each dribble

¨  Each player has 3 seconds to pass or shoot

¨  The only player allowed within the goal line is the goal keeper

¨  The ball may be touched by any part of the body as a means of passing or scoring except the feet.

¨  Traveling is not allowed

¨  If the ball stops after hitting the ground it is out of bounds

Positions

¨  Goalkeeper- the goalkeeper is a form of defense by blocking the ball from entering the goal. This is the only player allowed to kick the ball.

¨  Center- also known as the “playmaker” acts as a form of offense and defense. This player sets up shooting positions and plays.

¨  Left and Right backs- blocks shots from the opposing team and are used as long range shooters

¨  Circle runner- used as a distraction to set up openings for teammates or to get into shooting positions.

¨  Left and right wings- the fast runners; they set up openings and shoot from harder angles

¨  Pivot- the player that blocks the other team and creates openings for teammates.

Hockey

What is hockey?

Hockey is one of many sports in which two teams compete by trying to maneuver a ball, or a hard, round, rubber or heavy plastic disc called a puck, into the opponent's net or goal, using a hockey stick.

Hockey is not only a sport but can also become an occupation. Today some people play and train for hockey in hopes for it become their career.

It is seen as an honour to go to the Olympics and represent your country, A male and female team from most countries get a chance to do this. At the last winter Olympics Canada was lucky to have both the female and male hockey teams bring home  gold metals.

RULES OF THE GAME

•       The ball is moved towards the goal by use of the stick, using only the flat left-hand side.

•       If you are caught using the round side of your stick it will result in a penalty.

•       If the ball is hit into your feet or the other teams, it will result into a free hit.

•       The ball is not allowed to hit your foot.

To score: 

•       A goal is scored each time the puck goes past the goal line of the opposing team's net.

•       A goal does not count if it is purposely kicked in by the foot, thrown in by the hand, or hit in by a high stick.

•       A goal accidentally deflected off of a player does count.

HISTORY

•       The sport is said to be the oldest team sport in history.  The game’s roots can date back to 4,000 years ago. 

•       It was known as the “ball and stick” game

•       Other countries call the sport,  “hockey.”

•       In 1850, hockey became a popular sport in English schools.

•       Men’s Field Hockey Clubs started to form in England

•       The sport was originally considered too dangerous of a sport for women.  It became socially acceptable because women were allowed to play croquette and lawn tennis. 

•       By 1887 the first Women’s Field hockey club was formed in England.

•       In 1901, Field Hockey was introduced to Americans at Harvard University.

•       Started in the Olympics in 1908.  The International Hockey Federation was formed.  By the early 1970’s, 72 countries belonged to the federation.

•       Today, there are 19,000 players, coaches, officials and fans who are members of U.S. Field Hockey Association.

3.Different Types Of Hockey

Ø  Field hockey

Ø  Ice hockey

Ø  Roller hockey (inline and quad)

Ø  Street hockey

Field hockey is played on gravel, natural grass, sand-based or water-based artificial turf, with a small, hard ball. The game is popular among both males and females in many parts of the world, particularly in Europea, Asia, Australia, and South Africa.

•       You are only allowed to have 11 players on the field including the goalie.

There are normally 4 forwards, 3 Midfielders, and 3 Defenders.

Ice hockey is played on a large flat area of ice, using a three inch diameter rubber disc called a puck. This puck is often frozen before high-level games to decrease the amount of bouncing and friction on the ice.

Ice Hockey is played all over North America, Europe and in many other countries around the world. It is the most popular sport in Canada, Finland, the Czech Republic, and in Sweden.

Ice Hockey
equipment

•          Six players from each team are allowed on the ice at one time. This includes one goalie, two defenders, and three forwards.

Roller hockey is a form of hockey played on a dry surface using skates with wheels. There is traditional "Roller Hockey," played with quad roller skates, and "Inline Hockey," played with inline skates. Combined, roller hockey is played in nearly 60 countries worldwide. We can find 2 examples of hockey

Quad roller hockey

Inline hockey

Street hockey (also known as Road hockey, deck hockey, ground hockey, or ball hockey) is a type of hockey played usually on an outdoor surface with or without skates.

Basketball

Introduction

q  Basketball is a fun, indoor team game (played outdoor too) which involves two teams.

q  Both men and women play this sport and it is very popular in North American countries.

History of Basketball

q  This was invented by Dr. James Naismith, who was a teacher in Springfield College, Massachusetts, USA.

q  He invented this game in 1891 as an indoor game that could be played during the winter.

q  This became popular very quickly & first professional basketball league was created in 1898.

                                           Basic Features of the Game

                        Team/Scoring:

1.       A basketball team consists of ___FIVE_____ players.

2.        Field goal = …………………… _TWO______ pt(s).

3.        Free throw = …………….……. __ONE_____ pt(s).

4.        Three point field goal = ………. ___THREE____ pt(s).

Terms:

-          The Offensive team is the team with possession of the basketball.

-          The Defensive team is the team without possession of the basketball.

A defensive system where each player guards an assigned player is called Man to Man defense

Basketball Violations

Violations:  breaking a rule of the game.

1. Traveling -moving your pivot foot without dribbling

2. Double Dribble-Dribbling with two hands or dribbling with one hand after you have already dribbled and stopped

3. Out of Bounds - when the ball or a person goes beyond the boundary line

4. Three Seconds in the Key -When an offensive player remains in the key for more than three seconds.

Basketball Fouls

I. Personal Fouls: contacting another player to gain an advantage

1.Hacking/reaching- when a defensive player hits the arm or hand of an offensive player with the ball

2. Holding-a player holds an opponent with or without the ball

3. Blocking- when a defensive player gets to a position after an offensive player and contact occurs.

4. Shooting foul-when an offensive player is fouled as he/she is shooting the basketball.  This results in two free throws.

II. Technical Fouls- A player or coach who shows poor sportsmanship, for instance, by arguing with a referee or by fighting with another player, can be charged with a technical foul.

 

•          Repeated such incidents can result in disqualification.

Let’s Practice Shooting!

  -Triple Threat Position – (feet shoulder width apart, knees bent)

  -  Find the seams – (non dominant thumb on cross/dominant hand against seams).

-  Eyes on target (back of rim).

 -  Use legs for power.

 - Snap wrist and follow through to basket.

Let’s Practice Dribbling!

-          Triple Threat Position – (feet shoulder width apart, knees bent)

-          Running forward with eyes up

-          Palms down and use “finger pads”

-          Waist high dribble

-          Two foot jump stop and pivot

                             Let’s Practice Defensive Slides!

-          Defensive stance – (knees bent, shoulder width apart, and back straight)

-          Shuffle feet

-          Front hand down and back hand up

-          On balls of feet

-          Hustle

Capacidades Físicas Básicas

These are the components of physical fitness. In Spanish, we call them “Capacidades Físicas Básicas”.

1. Stamina:

Stamina helps your muscles to work for a long period of time.

With it, you can do exercices for a long period of time, no matter the intensity.

For example:

Cycling: In the Tour of France they ride more than 200km over a lot of days, but they also sprint!
Marathon runnners: they run for more than 2 hours at a very fast pace.
Swimmers: in the 1500m race
Footballers: they need to run for 90 minutes without being tired so they can dribble and shoot.

Stamina is also called Endurance.

There are two types of Stamina or Endurance: Aerobic and Anaerobic.

Aerobic Stamina: You can do exercise for long periods of time at a medium intensity. (marathon, cycling..)

Anaerobic Stamina: These exercises are shorter but have a very high intensity (100m sprint, a basketball attack).

Benefits of regular stamina training:

-Your heart grows larger and thicker          -You have more capillary.
-Your breathing capacity increases.            -It´s easier to maintain your ideal weight

Aerobic Exercise is very good for your health. It develops your heart, your lungs and your circulatory system.

2. Strength:

Strength is the ability to use muscles against a resistance (a force or a weight).

With it, you can move or lift weights, and you can move your body weight easier. 

Some sports in wich strength is important:

Weightlifting: to lift as much weight as you can.
Judo: to throw your opponent.
Climbing: you need to move your body weight up the mountain.
Athletics: to jump higher or longer and to throw the javelin or hammer.

There are three types of strength:

a) Maximum strength: to lift very high weights (aizkolaris lift very heavy stones)

b) Explosive strength: to do a movement as fast as we can, moving a small weight (javelin throwers, for example)

c) Resistance-Strength: to do exercises with medium weights for a long time (in judo, combats last 4 minutes; rowers must move the boat for a long time also)

Benefits of developing your strength:

-You have more muscular power                                            -Your muscles and tendons grow in size.
-You can move weights easier (including your own body).        -It helps you keeping a good posture in daily life and sports

3. Speed:

Speed is the ability to one or more movements in a short period of time.

Some examples of sports where speed is important:

Fifty meters swimmers, react quickly to the horn and swim very fast.
Handball goalkeepers react very fast to stop balls.
Fencers must move fast to touch the opponent with their sword.

When we talk about the speed to move from one place to another (running, biking or swimming), we call it a sprint.

Speed means reacting quickly and moving fast.

 Benefits of speed training:

-Speed is basic in all sports. Even in a marathon, the winner is the fastest!
-It is related with coordination and agility. If you react and move fast, you have an advantage in all sports.
-Speed training develops and makes your muscles grow.

4. Suppleness:

Suppleness is the ability to have a wide range of movement with any part of your body. It is also called Flexibility.

Flexibility is very important in all sports, because with it, you have better performance and less injuries.

It is important for gymnasts, for hurdle runners or tae-kwondo fighters to do kicks. 

There are two types of flexibility:

Dinamic Flexibility: you use it when you do wide and relaxed movements.
Static Flexibility: you use it when you hold one position for some seconds. There is no movement.

Flexibility is the only physical ability that decreases as you grow older.

You need to spend a little time everyday to maintain and enhance it.

Benefits of supleness training:

-You have less injuries.                     

-Your muscles are more elastic and more powerful.    

-Your movements are not limited.